Shire plc (LSE: SHP,
Nasdaq: SHPGY, TSX: SHQ) announced the results of a study which suggested
that stimulant medications such as ADDERALL XR(R) (mixed salts of a
single-entity amphetamine product) are significantly more effective than
non-stimulant medications in the treatment of patients aged 8 to 15 with
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
The study, a meta-analysis of 29 double-blind, placebo-controlled
treatment studies undertaken over the past 25 years and involving nearly
4,500 children with ADHD, was presented today at the U.S. Psychiatric &
Mental Health Congress in New Orleans.
"The results of the meta-analysis, along with their own clinical
experience, may help physicians draw conclusions about an ADHD medication's
relative effectiveness in the absence of direct head-to-head comparisons
among leading prescription ADHD medications," said Stephen V. Faraone,
Ph.D., lead researcher and director of child and adolescent psychiatry at
State University of New York Upstate Medical University. "By studying the
magnitude of different drug effects on ADHD in children, my colleagues and
I found that stimulant ADHD medications produced larger effect sizes than
nonstimulants, suggesting that amphetamine- and methylphenidate-based
stimulants are more effective treatments for ADHD symptoms."
About the Study
The meta-analysis reviewed data from 29 randomized, double-blind,
placebo- controlled treatment studies lasting for two or more weeks
published after 1979. Subjects included 4,465 children with ADHD, aged 8 to
15 years. ADHD was defined using criteria from the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(R), Fourth Edition, a publication of
the American Psychiatric Association.
The trials in this meta-analysis studied 15 medications using 17
different outcome measures of ADHD symptoms, including "hyperactive,"
"inattentive," "impulsive" or "oppositional behavior." The most commonly
identified medications were amphetamine and methylphenidate compounds.
Non-stimulant medications identified were atomoxetine, bupropion, modafinil
and desipramine. The 29 trials were stratified based on the three classes
of drug studied (i.e., long-acting stimulant vs. short-acting stimulant vs.
non-stimulant).
The researchers compared study outcomes using effect sizes, a standard
statistical measure commonly used in meta-analyses to determine the
magnitude of a particular effect resulting from an intervention, such as a
drug used on a population, irrespective of the population size. Effect
sizes are generally categorized as small (d = 0.2), medium (d = 0.5) and
large (d = 0.8). After adjusting for study design differences, the
researchers calculated effect size based on Total ADHD scores.
Stimulant medications showed an effect size significantly larger than
non-stimulant medications. Within the stimulant class of medications, mixed
amphetamine salts/amphetamine formulations demonstrated larger effect size
compared to methylphenidate formulations. Results from this study were also
recently published in Medscape General Medicine.
Shire Development Inc. supported the study.
About ADHD
Approximately 7.8 percent of all school-age children, or about 4.9
million U.S. children aged 4 to 17 years, have been diagnosed with ADHD at
some point in their lives, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC). ADHD is one of the most common psychiatric
disorders in children and adolescents. ADHD is a neurobiological
psychiatric disorder that manifests as a persistent pattern of inattention
and/or hyperactivity- impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is
typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development. To
be properly diagnosed with ADHD, a child needs to demonstrate at least six
of nine symptoms of inattention; at least six of nine symptoms of
hyperactivity/impulsivity; the onset of such symptoms before age 7 years;
that some impairment from the symptoms is present in two or more settings
(e.g., at school and home); that the symptoms have been present for at
least six months; and that there is clinically significant impairment in
social, academic or occupational functioning.
Although there is no "cure" for ADHD, there are accepted treatments
that specifically target its symptoms. The most common standard treatments
include educational approaches, psychological or behavioral modification,
and medication.
For further information on ADHD please visit adhdsupport or
ADD.
About ADDERALL XR
Tell your doctor about any heart conditions, including structural
abnormalities, that you, your child, or a family member, may have. Inform
your doctor immediately if you or your child develop symptoms that suggest
heart problems, such as chest pain or fainting.
ADDERALL XR should not be taken by patients who have advanced disease
of the blood vessels (arteriosclerosis); symptomatic heart disease;
moderate to severe high blood pressure; overactive thyroid gland
(hyperthyroidism); known allergy or unusual reactions to drugs called
sympathomimetic amines (for example, pseudoephedrine); seizures; glaucoma;
a history of problems with alcohol or drugs; agitated states; taken a
monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) within the last 14 days.
Tell your doctor before using ADDERALL XR if you or your child are
being treated for or have symptoms of depression (sadness, worthlessness,
or hopelessness) or bipolar disorder; have abnormal thought or visions,
hear abnormal sounds, or have been diagnosed with psychosis; have had
seizures or abnormal EEGs; have or have had high blood pressure; exhibit
aggressive behavior or hostility. Tell your doctor immediately if any of
these conditions or symptoms develop while using ADDERALL XR.
Abuse of amphetamines may lead to dependence. Misuse of amphetamine may
cause sudden death and serious cardiovascular adverse events. These events
have also been reported rarely with amphetamine use.
ADDERALL XR was generally well tolerated in clinical studies. The most
common side effects in studies included: children -- decreased appetite,
difficulty falling asleep, stomach ache, and emotional lability;
adolescents -- loss of appetite, difficulty falling asleep, stomach ache,
and weight loss; adults -- dry mouth, loss of appetite, difficulty falling
asleep, headache, and weight loss. Aggression, new abnormal
thoughts/behaviors, mania, growth suppression, worsening of motion or
verbal tics and Tourette's syndrome have been associated with use of drugs
of this type. Tell your doctor if you or your child have blurred vision
while taking ADDERALL XR.
Shire plc
Shire's strategic goal is to become the leading specialty
pharmaceutical company that focuses on meeting the needs of the specialist
physician. Shire focuses its business on central nervous system,
gastrointestinal, general products and human genetic therapies. The
structure is sufficiently flexible to allow Shire to target new therapeutic
areas to the extent opportunities arise through acquisitions. Shire
believes that a carefully selected portfolio of products with a
strategically aligned and relatively small-scale sales force will deliver
strong results.
Shire's focused strategy is to develop and market products for
specialty physicians. Shire's in-licensing, merger and acquisition efforts
are focused on products in niche markets with strong intellectual property
protection either in the US or Europe.
For further information on Shire, please visit the Company's website:
shire.
"SAFE HARBOR" STATEMENT UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM
ACT OF 1995
Statements included herein that are not historical facts are
forwarding- looking statements. Such forward-looking statements involve a
number of risks and uncertainties and are subject to change at any time. In
the event such risks or uncertainties materialize, Shire's results could be
materially affected. The risks and uncertainties include, but are not
limited to: risks associated with the inherent uncertainty of
pharmaceutical research, product development, manufacturing and
commercialization; the impact of competitive products, including, but not
limited to, the impact of those on Shire's Attention Deficit and
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) franchise; patents, including but not limited
to, legal challenges relating to Shire plc's ADHD franchise; government
regulation and approval, including but not limited to the expected product
approval dates of SPD503 (guanfacine extended release) (ADHD), SPD465,
extended release triple-bead mixed amphetamine salts (ADHD), MESAVANCE
(mesalamine) with MMX technology (SPD 476) (ulcerative colitis), ELAPRASE
(idursulfase) (Hunter Syndrome) and NRP104 (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate)
(ADHD), including its scheduling classification by the Drug Enforcement
Administration in the United States; Shire's ability to secure new products
for commercialization and/or development; and other risks and uncertainties
detailed from time to time in Shire's and its predecessor registrant Shire
Pharmaceuticals Group plc's filings with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, particularly Shire plc's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2005.
Shire plc
shire
View drug information on Adderall XR; Elaprase.
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